GENERAL DESCRIPTION Vasodilators are the drugs that tend to dilates the (relax) smooth muscles of blood vessels. The smooth muscles of blood vessels is responsible for arteriolar and venous tone which in turn play important role role in myocardial wall stress. Arteriolar tone directly controls the peripheral vascular resistance and thus arterial pressure. Venous tone … Read more
SPIRONOLACTONE GENERIC NAME: Spironolactone BRAND NAME: Aldactone GENERAL DESCRIPTION Spironolactone is a synthetic steroid that act as a competitive antagonist to aldosterone. It is also called potassium sparing diuretics because it prevents the loss of potassium from the body. Prolong use of spironolactone can cause in heart failure and its use is limited when there … Read more
Metoprolol is the selective β1 receptor blocker. Metoprolol is safer in patient which has bronchoconstriction with propranolol. It is also safer drug in patient with diabetes, COPD and peripheral vascular disease. GENERIC NAME: Metoprolol BRAND NAME: Lopressor, Toprol MECHANISM OF ACTION Metoprolol has modest non-selective β1 selectivity and possess very low intrinsic sympathomimetic activity … Read more
Propranolol is the prototype of beta blocking drugs. Propranolol is the standard drug against which newer developed beta blockers compared for systemic use. Propranolol is non-selective beta blocker i.e. it can block both β1 and β2 receptors. GENERIC NAME: Propranolol BRAND NAME Inderal, Bedranol SR, Dositon, Sumial. MECHANISM OF ACTION Propranolol is non-selective beta … Read more
Beta blockers are competitive inhibitors at beta adrenergic receptors and counter the effects of catecholamines such as epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. This action leads to decrease sympathetic effects mainly on cardiovascular system. This is why beta blockers are useful in treatment of cardiovascular diseases i.e. hypertension, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias. Some beta blockers are also used … Read more
PHENYLALKYLAMINE: VERAPAMIL GENERAL DESCRIPTION Verapamil is the first clinically available Calcium channel blocker. It is it is an alkaloid vasodilator. Verapamil is less potent calcium channel blocker than amlodipine but more potent than diltiazem. GENERIC NAME: Verapamil BRAND NAME Calan, Isoptin, Verelan MECHANISM OF ACTION Cardiovascular response of verapamil is shown in following steps Firstly, … Read more
BENZOTHIAZEPINE: DILTIAZEM GENERAL DESCRIPTION Diltiazem is less potent calcium channel blockers than verapamil and dihydrpyridines. It belongs to the benzothiazepine group of calcium channel blockers. Diltiazem is extensively used as antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. To control tachycardia, diltiazem is also given after antithyroid therapy in such patient where beta blockers are contraindicated. GENERIC NAME: Diltiazem … Read more
Dihyropyridine: Amlodipine GENERAL DESCRIPTION Amlodipine is a good choice of drug for elderly patients. Amlodipine has no effects on heart rate like other calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine is more potent than verapamil and diltiazem. GENERIC NAME: Amlodipine BRAND NAME: Norvasc, Acord, Amlibon MECHANISM OF ACTION Amlodipine produce both peripheral arterial vasodilation and coronary dilation. Cardiovascular … Read more
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Calcium Channel Blockers are used to block voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel are called Calcium channel blockers. The main action of this drug is vasodilation. These drugs are used to treat many cardio vascular disease including hypertension, arrhythmia and angina pectoris. Dihyropyridines are more potent vasodilators than Verapamil, which is more potent than diltiazem. TYPES … Read more
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Losartan belongs to angiotensin receptor blockers. It is very potent drug and given orally. Losartan is well tolerated in patients with heart failure than other ARBs GENERIC NAME: Losartan BRAND NAME: Cozaar MECHANISM OF ACTION Captopril is angiotensin II receptor blocker. It competitively blocks the AT1 receptor where angiotensin II is attached and … Read more